Which process establishes immunity against a particular foreign substance through inoculation?

The process that establishes immunity against a particular foreign substance through inoculation is referred to as immunization. This involves the introduction of an antigen—often in the form of a vaccine—into the body to stimulate the immune system to recognize and combat the specific foreign substance in the future.

While vaccination is a common method of immunization, the broader term encompasses both active and passive forms of acquiring immunity. Active immunization occurs when the body produces its own antibodies in response to the antigen, while passive immunization involves the transfer of antibodies from another source.

Immunotherapy focuses more on the treatment of diseases, such as allergies or cancers, rather than establishing immunity via inoculation. Homologous transfusion involves the transfer of blood or blood components from a compatible donor to a recipient and does not relate to the development of immunity to foreign substances.

Thus, immunization is the most accurate term in this context, as it encapsulates the complete process of acquiring immunity through various means, including vaccination.