Which disease causes acute inflammation of the mucous membranes, primarily in the mouth and throat?

Diphtheria is a disease that specifically causes acute inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth and throat. This condition is primarily associated with the presence of a thick, gray membrane that can form in the throat as a result of the infection. The bacteria responsible for diphtheria, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, release toxins that lead to inflammation and can cause serious complications if not treated promptly. Infected individuals often experience sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and swollen lymph nodes. The distinct presentation of diphtheria, particularly the membranous obstruction in the throat, is what sets it apart from other conditions that may involve throat inflammation.

Other choices involve different types of infections or conditions: Scarlet fever is primarily known for its rash and systemic symptoms, strep throat involves inflammation due to Group A Streptococcus but does not typically lead to the membrane formation seen in diphtheria, and bronchitis affects the bronchial tubes rather than the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat. Thus, diphtheria is accurately identified as the disease causing acute inflammation of the mucous membranes in these primary areas.