What procedure involves the withdrawal of fluid by suction through a surgical puncture into the synovial cavity?

The procedure that involves the withdrawal of fluid by suction through a surgical puncture into the synovial cavity is known as arthrocentesis. This technique is commonly used to diagnose joint disorders or conditions such as arthritis, joint effusions, or infections. By aspirating synovial fluid, healthcare providers can analyze its contents to better understand the underlying issue affecting the joint.

Arthrocentesis specifically targets the synovial cavity, which houses synovial fluid – this lubrication is crucial for joint function. The process enables both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, such as relieving pressure from excess fluid accumulation in the joint space.

Other options, while related to joint procedures, do not involve the withdrawal of fluid from the synovial cavity. Arthroclasia refers to the surgical breaking of a joint to increase its range of motion, arthroscopy involves the use of a camera to visualize the interior of a joint for diagnosis or treatment, and arthrolysis is a surgical procedure that frees up a joint from adhesions or scar tissue, rather than removing fluid. Therefore, arthrocentesis is specifically focused on fluid withdrawal, making it the correct choice in this context.