What is the disease characterized by enlarged lymph nodes and spleen, along with throat pain and fatigue?

The disease characterized by enlarged lymph nodes and spleen, along with throat pain and fatigue, is mononucleosis, often referred to simply as "mono." This viral infection is typically caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is most commonly spread through saliva. The hallmark symptoms include swelling of the lymphatic tissues, which leads to the enlargement of lymph nodes and the spleen, along with a significant sore throat and extreme fatigue.

Mono often presents with additional symptoms such as fever and headache, but the combination of throat pain, fatigue, and lymphatic swelling sets it apart as a distinct clinical entity. The lymph nodes primarily affected are those in the neck and armpit regions, and the splenic enlargement can lead to additional complications, making the clinical picture very characteristic of this disease.

The other conditions listed do not present with this same combination of symptoms. Necrosis refers to tissue death, not a viral infection. Nosocomial infections are those acquired in a hospital setting and can vary vastly in presentation. Plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, has different symptoms, primarily manifesting as severe flank pain and swarmy lymph nodes known as buboes, distinct from the symptoms seen in mononucleosis